Variable List > Macro-Level Variables

The following list of variables was produced from the Full Release of CSES Module 1 (August 4, 2003 version), the second Advance Release of CSES Module 2 (December 15, 2004 version), and the first Advance Release of CSES Module 3 (March 29, 2010 version).

The list is being provided to help in understanding what content is available from CSES, and to compare the content available in each module. However, the list is not intended to replace use of the codebook and other study documentation, so please refer instead to those materials when you are ready to begin your analysis of the data.

The first row of each entry, in orange, is the variable label. The second row of each entry, in grey, contains the variable names from the dataset. The third row of each entry, in white, is the variable description or question text. The second and third rows are divided into three columns - the first for Module 1 (1996-2001), the second for Module 2 (2001-2006), and the third for Module 3 (2006-2011).

Because the list merges multiple modules, questions do not necessarily appear in the order in which they were asked, and variables do not necessarily appear in the same order as in the codebooks.

CSES Module 1 (1996-2001)

CSES Module 2 (2001-2006)

CSES Module 3 (2006-2011)

Macro-Level Variables

NUMBER OF PARTIES PARTICIPATING IN ELECTION
		C5015
		How many political parties received votes in the election?
EFFECTIVE NUMBER OF ELECTORAL PARTIES
		C5093
		Effective number of electoral parties (ENEP).
CORRECTED EFFECTIVE NUMBER OF ELECTORAL PARTIES
		C5094
		Corrected effective number of electoral parties (CENEP).
EFFECTIVE NUMBER OF PARLIAMENTARY PARTIES
		C5095
		Effective number of parliamentary parties (ENPP).
CORRECTED EFFECTIVE NUMBER OF PARLIAMENTARY PARTIES
		C5096
		Effective number of parliamentary parties (CENPP).
YEAR FOUNDED - PARTY A YEAR FOUNDED - PARTY B YEAR FOUNDED - PARTY C YEAR FOUNDED - PARTY D YEAR FOUNDED - PARTY E YEAR FOUNDED - PARTY F YEAR FOUNDED - PARTY G YEAR FOUNDED - PARTY H YEAR FOUNDED - PARTY I
A5001_A A5001_B A5001_C A5001_D A5001_E A5001_F A5001_G A5001_H A5001_I	B5011_A B5011_B B5011_C B5011_D B5011_E B5011_F B5011_G B5011_H B5011_I
Year party founded	Year party founded
IDEOLOGICAL FAMILY - PARTY A IDEOLOGICAL FAMILY - PARTY B IDEOLOGICAL FAMILY - PARTY C IDEOLOGICAL FAMILY - PARTY D IDEOLOGICAL FAMILY - PARTY E IDEOLOGICAL FAMILY - PARTY F IDEOLOGICAL FAMILY - PARTY G IDEOLOGICAL FAMILY - PARTY H IDEOLOGICAL FAMILY - PARTY I
A5002_A A5002_B A5002_C A5002_D A5002_E A5002_F	B5012_A B5012_B B5012_C B5012_D B5012_E B5012_F B5012_G B5012_H B5012_I	C5016_A C5016_B C5016_C C5016_D C5016_E C5016_F C5016_G C5016_H C5016_I
Ideological Family Party is Closest to	Ideological Family Party is Closest to	Ideological Family Party is Closest to
EUROPEAN PARLIAMENT POLITICAL GROUP - PARTY A EUROPEAN PARLIAMENT POLITICAL GROUP - PARTY B EUROPEAN PARLIAMENT POLITICAL GROUP - PARTY C EUROPEAN PARLIAMENT POLITICAL GROUP - PARTY D EUROPEAN PARLIAMENT POLITICAL GROUP - PARTY E EUROPEAN PARLIAMENT POLITICAL GROUP - PARTY F EUROPEAN PARLIAMENT POLITICAL GROUP - PARTY G EUROPEAN PARLIAMENT POLITICAL GROUP - PARTY H EUROPEAN PARLIAMENT POLITICAL GROUP - PARTY I
	B5013_A B5013_B B5013_C B5013_D B5013_E B5013_F B5013_G B5013_H B5013_I
	European Parliament Party Political Group party belongs to:
INTERNATIONAL ORGANIZATION - PARTY A INTERNATIONAL ORGANIZATION - PARTY B INTERNATIONAL ORGANIZATION - PARTY C INTERNATIONAL ORGANIZATION - PARTY D INTERNATIONAL ORGANIZATION - PARTY E INTERNATIONAL ORGANIZATION - PARTY F INTERNATIONAL ORGANIZATION - PARTY G INTERNATIONAL ORGANIZATION - PARTY H INTERNATIONAL ORGANIZATION - PARTY I
A5003_A A5003_B A5003_C A5003_D A5003_E A5003_F	B5014_A B5014_B B5014_C B5014_D B5014_E B5014_F B5014_Gbr> B5014_H B5014_I
International Organization Party Belongs to	International Organization Party Belongs to
SIGNIFICANT PARTIES NOT REPRESENTED IN PARLIAMENT BEFORE THE ELECTION
	B5015
	Significant parties not represented in parliament before the election (in the expert judgment of the CSES Collaborator).
SIGNIFICANT PARTIES NOT REPRESENTED IN PARLIAMENT AFTER THE ELECTION
	B5016
	Significant parties not represented in parliament after the election (in the expert judgment of the CSES Collaborator).
OTHER NON-REPRESENTED SIGNIFICANT PARTIES/INDEPENDENT ACTORS
	B5017
	Other non-represented parties or independent actors who had a significant effect on the election (in the expert judgment of the CSES Collaborator).
LEFT-RIGHT - PARTY A LEFT-RIGHT - PARTY B LEFT-RIGHT - PARTY C LEFT-RIGHT - PARTY D LEFT-RIGHT - PARTY E LEFT-RIGHT - PARTY F LEFT-RIGHT - PARTY G LEFT-RIGHT - PARTY H LEFT-RIGHT - PARTY I
A5004_A A5004_B A5004_C A5004_D A5004_E A5004_F	B5018_A B5018_B B5018_C B5018_D B5018_E B5018_F B5018_G B5018_H B5018_I	C5017_A C5017_B C5017_C C5017_D C5017_E C5017_F C5017_G C5017_H C5017_I
Parties' position in left-right scale (in the expert judgment of the CSES Collaborator)	Parties' position in left-right scale (in the expert judgment of the CSES Collaborator)	Parties' positions on the left-right scale (in the expert judgment of the CSES Collaborator)
CONSENSUS ON THE LEFT-RIGHT PLACEMENTS
	B5019
	Would there be a general consensus on left-right placements among informed observers in the country (in the expert judgment of the CSES Collaborator).
ALTERNATIVE DIMENSION
	B5020	C5018
	Were respondents asked to rank political parties on an alternative dimension, other than the left-right dimension?	Were respondents asked to rank political parties on an alternative dimension, other than the left-right dimension?
ALTERNATIVE DIMENSION - PARTY A ALTERNATIVE DIMENSION - PARTY B ALTERNATIVE DIMENSION - PARTY C ALTERNATIVE DIMENSION - PARTY D ALTERNATIVE DIMENSION - PARTY E ALTERNATIVE DIMENSION - PARTY F ALTERNATIVE DIMENSION - PARTY G ALTERNATIVE DIMENSION - PARTY H ALTERNATIVE DIMENSION - PARTY I
	B5020_A B5020_B B5020_C B5020_D B5020_E B5020_F B5020_G B5020_H B5020_I	C5018_A C5018_B C5018_C C5018_D C5018_E C5018_F C5018_G C5018_H C5018_I
	Parties' positions on the alternative scale (in the expert judgment of the CSES Collaborator)	Parties' positions on the alternative scale (in the expert judgment of the CSES Collaborator)
CONSENSUS ON THE ALTERNATIVE DIMENSION PLACEMENTS
	B5021
	Would there be a general consensus on that alternative dimension placements among informed observers in the country (in the expert judgment of the CSES Collaborator).
PERCENT VOTE - LOWER HOUSE - PARTY A PERCENT VOTE - LOWER HOUSE - PARTY B PERCENT VOTE - LOWER HOUSE - PARTY C PERCENT VOTE - LOWER HOUSE - PARTY D PERCENT VOTE - LOWER HOUSE - PARTY E PERCENT VOTE - LOWER HOUSE - PARTY F PERCENT VOTE - LOWER HOUSE - PARTY G PERCENT VOTE - LOWER HOUSE - PARTY H PERCENT VOTE - LOWER HOUSE - PARTY I
A5005_A A5005_B A5005_C A5005_D A5005_E A5005_F	B5001_A B5001_B B5001_C B5001_D B5001_E B5001_F B5001_G B5001_H B5001_I	C5001_A C5001_B C5001_C C5001_D C5001_E C5001_F C5001_G C5001_H C5001_I
Percent of popular vote received by [PARTY A-F] in current (lower house) legislative election	Percent of popular vote received by [PARTY A-I] in current (lower house) legislative election	Percent of popular vote received by [PARTY A-I] in current (lower house) legislative election
PERCENT SEATS - LOWER HOUSE - PARTY A PERCENT SEATS - LOWER HOUSE - PARTY B PERCENT SEATS - LOWER HOUSE - PARTY C PERCENT SEATS - LOWER HOUSE - PARTY D PERCENT SEATS - LOWER HOUSE - PARTY E PERCENT SEATS - LOWER HOUSE - PARTY F PERCENT SEATS - LOWER HOUSE - PARTY G PERCENT SEATS - LOWER HOUSE - PARTY H PERCENT SEATS - LOWER HOUSE - PARTY I
A5006_A A5006_B A5006_C A5006_D A5006_E A5006_F	B5002_A B5002_B B5002_C B5002_D B5002_E B5002_F B5002_G B5002_H B5002_I	C5002_A C5002_B C5002_C C5002_D C5002_E C5002_F C5002_G C5002_H C5002_I
Percent of seats in lower house received by [PARTY A-F] in current (lower house) election	Percent of seats in lower house received by [PARTY A-I] in current (lower house) election	Percent of seats in lower house received by [PARTY A-I] in current (lower house) election
PERCENT VOTE - UPPER HOUSE - PARTY A PERCENT VOTE - UPPER HOUSE - PARTY B PERCENT VOTE - UPPER HOUSE - PARTY C PERCENT VOTE - UPPER HOUSE - PARTY D PERCENT VOTE - UPPER HOUSE - PARTY E PERCENT VOTE - UPPER HOUSE - PARTY F PERCENT VOTE - UPPER HOUSE - PARTY G PERCENT VOTE - UPPER HOUSE - PARTY H PERCENT VOTE - UPPER HOUSE - PARTY I
A5007_A A5007_B A5007_C A5007_D A5007_E A5007_F	B5003_A B5003_B B5003_C B5003_D B5003_E B5003_F B5003_G B5003_H B5003_I	C5003_A C5003_B C5003_C C5003_D C5003_E C5003_F C5003_G C5003_H C5003_I
Percent of popular vote received by [PARTY A-F] in current (upper house) legislative election	Percent of popular vote received by [PARTY A-I] in current (upper house) legislative election	Percent of popular vote received by [PARTY A-I] in current (upper house) legislative election
PERCENT SEATS - UPPER HOUSE - PARTY A PERCENT SEATS - UPPER HOUSE - PARTY B PERCENT SEATS - UPPER HOUSE - PARTY C PERCENT SEATS - UPPER HOUSE - PARTY D PERCENT SEATS - UPPER HOUSE - PARTY E PERCENT SEATS - UPPER HOUSE - PARTY F PERCENT SEATS - UPPER HOUSE - PARTY G PERCENT SEATS - UPPER HOUSE - PARTY H PERCENT SEATS - UPPER HOUSE - PARTY I
A5008_A A5008_B A5008_C A5008_D A5008_E A5008_F	B5004_A B5004_B B5004_C B5004_D B5004_E B5004_F B5004_G B5004_H B5004_I	C5004_A C5004_B C5004_C C5004_D C5004_E C5004_F C5004_G C5004_H C5004_I
Percent of seats in upper house received by [PARTY A-F] in current (upper house) election	Percent of seats in upper house received by [PARTY A-I] in current (upper house) election	Percent of seats in upper house received by [PARTY A-I] in current (upper house) election
PERCENT VOTE - PRESIDENT - PARTY A PERCENT VOTE - PRESIDENT - PARTY B PERCENT VOTE - PRESIDENT - PARTY C PERCENT VOTE - PRESIDENT - PARTY D PERCENT VOTE - PRESIDENT - PARTY E PERCENT VOTE - PRESIDENT - PARTY F PERCENT VOTE - PRESIDENT - PARTY G PERCENT VOTE - PRESIDENT - PARTY H PERCENT VOTE - PRESIDENT - PARTY I
A5009_A A5009_B A5009_C A5009_D A5009_E A5009_F	B5005_A B5005_B B5005_C B5005_D B5005_E B5005_F B5005_G B5005_H B5005_I	C5005_A C5005_B C5005_C C5005_D C5005_E C5005_F C5005_G C5005_H C5005_I
If multiple rounds, percent of vote received in first round.	If multiple rounds, percent of vote received in first round.	If multiple rounds, percent of vote received in first round.
ELECTORAL TURNOUT ELECTORAL TURNOUT - VERSION 2
A5010	B5006M	C5006_1 C5006_2
Percentage of Voting Age Population who cast ballots	Percentage of Voting Age Population who cast ballots	Official voter turnout - Percentage of registered voters. Official voter turnout - Percentage of voting age population.
PARTY OF THE PRESIDENT BEFORE
		C5007
		Party of the president before the election.
PARTY OF THE PRIME MINISTER BEFORE
		C5008
		Party of the Prime Minister before the election.
NUMBER OF PORTFOLIOS (GOVERNMENT COMPOSITION) BEFORE - PARTY A NUMBER OF PORTFOLIOS (GOVERNMENT COMPOSITION) BEFORE - PARTY B NUMBER OF PORTFOLIOS (GOVERNMENT COMPOSITION) BEFORE - PARTY C NUMBER OF PORTFOLIOS (GOVERNMENT COMPOSITION) BEFORE - PARTY D NUMBER OF PORTFOLIOS (GOVERNMENT COMPOSITION) BEFORE - PARTY E NUMBER OF PORTFOLIOS (GOVERNMENT COMPOSITION) BEFORE - PARTY F NUMBER OF PORTFOLIOS (GOVERNMENT COMPOSITION) BEFORE - PARTY G NUMBER OF PORTFOLIOS (GOVERNMENT COMPOSITION) BEFORE - PARTY H NUMBER OF PORTFOLIOS (GOVERNMENT COMPOSITION) BEFORE - PARTY I
	B5007_A B5007_B B5007_C B5007_D B5007_E B5007_F B5007_G B5007_H B5007_I	C5009_A C5009_B C5009_C C5009_D C5009_E C5009_F C5009_G C5009_H C5009_I
	Number of portfolios (cabinet posts) held by [PARTY A-I] before the election.	Number of cabinet posts (portfolios) held by [PARTY A-I] before the election.
SIZE OF THE CABINET BEFORE
	B5008	C5010
	The size of the cabinet before the election.	The size of the cabinet before the election.
PARTY OF THE PRESIDENT AFTER
		C5011
		Party of the president after the election.
PARTY OF THE PRIME MINISTER AFTER
		C5012
		Party of the Prime Minister after the election.
NUMBER OF PORTFOLIOS (GOVERNMENT COMPOSITION) AFTER - PARTY A NUMBER OF PORTFOLIOS (GOVERNMENT COMPOSITION) AFTER - PARTY B NUMBER OF PORTFOLIOS (GOVERNMENT COMPOSITION) AFTER - PARTY C NUMBER OF PORTFOLIOS (GOVERNMENT COMPOSITION) AFTER - PARTY D NUMBER OF PORTFOLIOS (GOVERNMENT COMPOSITION) AFTER - PARTY E NUMBER OF PORTFOLIOS (GOVERNMENT COMPOSITION) AFTER - PARTY F NUMBER OF PORTFOLIOS (GOVERNMENT COMPOSITION) AFTER - PARTY G NUMBER OF PORTFOLIOS (GOVERNMENT COMPOSITION) AFTER - PARTY H NUMBER OF PORTFOLIOS (GOVERNMENT COMPOSITION) AFTER - PARTY I
	B5009_A B5009_B B5009_C B5009_D B5009_E B5009_F B5009_G B5009_H B5009_I	C5013_A C5013_B C5013_C C5013_D C5013_E C5013_F C5013_G C5013_H C5013_I
	Number of portfolios (cabinet posts) held by [PARTY A-I] after the election.	Number of cabinet posts (portfolios) held by [PARTY A-I] after the election.
SIZE OF THE CABINET AFTER
	B5010	C5014
	The size of the cabinet after the election.	The size of the cabinet after the election.
ELECTORAL ALLIANCES PERMITTED IN ELECTION
A5011	B5024	C5030
Were electoral alliances permitted during the election campaign?	Were electoral alliances permitted during the election campaign?	There are multiple types of electoral alliances/coalitions, but we are explicitly interested in those involving joint lists or candidates - i.e. those where parties compete as a unit during the election. Is this type of electoral coalition legally allowable?
ELECTORAL ALLIANCES IN PRACTICE
		C5031
		Is this type of electoral coalition used in practice, even if not legally allowable?
DID ANY ELECTORAL ALLIANCES FORM?
A5012	B5025	C5032
Did any electoral alliances form?	Did any electoral alliances form?	Did any electoral alliances form?
MOST SALIENT FACTORS IN ELECTION - 1ST MOST SALIENT FACTORS IN ELECTION - 2ND MOST SALIENT FACTORS IN ELECTION - 3RD MOST SALIENT FACTORS IN ELECTION - 4TH MOST SALIENT FACTORS IN ELECTION - 5TH
A5013_1 A5013_2 A5013_3 A5013_4 A5013_5	B5022_1 B5022_2 B5022_3 B5022_4 B5022_5	C5019_1 C5019_2 C5019_3 C5019_4 C5019_5
In your view, what are the five most salient factors that affected the outcome of the election (e.g. major scandals; economic events; the presence of an independent actor; specific issues)?	In your view, what are the five most salient factors that affected the outcome of the election (e.g. major scandals; economic events; the presence of an independent actor; specific issues)?	In your view, what are the five most salient factors that affected the outcome of the election (e.g., major scandals; economic events; the presence of an independent actor; specific issues)?
CONSENSUS ON THE SALIENCE RANKING
	B5023
	Do you believe there would be general consensus about the importance of these factors among informed observers in the country?
FAIRNESS OF THE ELECTION
		C5020
		How impartial was the body that administered the election law?
FORMAL COMPLAINTS AGAINST NATIONAL LEVEL RESULTS
		C5021
		Was there a formal complaint against the national level results?
ELECTION IRREGULARITIES
		C5022
		Were there irregularities reported by international election observers?
DATE ELECTION SCHEDULED - MONTH DATE ELECTION SCHEDULED - DAY DATE ELECTION SCHEDULED - YEAR
		C5023_1 C5023_2 C5023_3
		On what date was the election originally scheduled to be held?
DATE ELECTION HELD - MONTH DATE ELECTION HELD - DAY DATE ELECTION HELD - YEAR
		C5024_1 C5024_2 C5024_3
		On what date was the election actually held?
ELECTION IRREGULARITIES
		C5025
		If the election was held on a different date than scheduled, please explain why?
ELECTION VIOLENCE
		C5026
		To what extent was there violence and voter or candidate intimidation during the election campaign and the election day?
GEOGRAPHIC CONCENTRATION OF VIOLENCE
		C5027
		If there was violence, was it geographically concentrated or national?
POST-ELECTION VIOLENCE
		C5028
		To what extent was there violence following the election?
POST-ELECTION PROTEST
		C5029
		To what extent was there protest following the election?
HEAD OF STATE
A5014	B5052
Who is the head of state?	Who is the head of state?
HEAD OF STATE - SELECTION
A5015	B5053
How is the head of state selected?	How is the head of state selected?
HEAD OF STATE - PROCESS IF DIRECT ELECTION
A5016	B5054
If by direct election, by what process?	If by direct election, by what process?
HEAD OF STATE - 1ST ROUND VICTORY
A5017	B5055
If by run-off system, what is the threshold for first-round victory?	If by run-off system, what is the threshold for first-round victory?
HEAD OF STATE - ADVANCE TO 2ND ROUND
A5018	B5056
If by run-off system, what is the threshold to advance to second round?	If by run-off system, what is the threshold to advance to second round?
HEAD OF STATE - 2ND ROUND VICTORY
A5019	B5057
If by run-off system, what is the threshold for victory in the second round?	If by run-off system, what is the threshold for victory in the second round?
YEAR OF PRESIDENTIAL ELECTION - 1ST YEAR OF PRESIDENTIAL ELECTION - 2ND
A5020_1 A5020_2	B5058_1 B5058_2
If the presidential election was not held concurrently with the legislative election, the year of the presidential election prior to this legislative election is:	If the presidential election was not held concurrently with the legislative election, the year of the presidential election prior to this [after this] legislative election is:
PROCESS IF INDIRECT ELECTION
A5021	B5059
If by indirect election, by what process?	If by indirect election, by what process?
ELECTORAL COLLEGE - SELECTION OF ELECTORS
	B5060
	If by electoral college, how are electors chosen?
ELECTORAL COLLEGE - DELIBERATES
	B5061
	Does the electoral college deliberate?
ELECTORAL COLLEGE - VOTING PROCEDURE
	B5062
	What is the voting procedure used by the electoral college?
IF BY LEGISLATURE - WHAT CHAMBER(S)
	B5063
	If by the legislature, by which chamber(s) of the legislature?
IF BY LEGISLATURE - VOTING PROCEDURE
	B5064
	If by the legislature, what is the voting procedure used?
HEAD OF GOVERNMENT
A5022	B5080
Who is the Head of Government?	Who is the Head of Government?
HEAD OF GOVERNMENT - ELECTED INDEPENDENTLY
	B5081
	Is the Head of Government elected independently of the legislature?
HEAD OF GOVERNMENT - IS THE HEAD OF STATE
	B5082
	Is the Head of Government also the Head of State?
HEAD OF GOVERNMENT - SELECTION METHOD (IF INDEP. OF LEGISLATURE)
A5023	B5083
If the Head of Government is a prime minister, how is the prime minister selected?	If the Head of Government is not elected independently of the legislature, how is the Head of Government selected?
NUMBER OF ELECTED LEGISLATIVE CHAMBERS
A5024	B5030	C5091
Number of elected legislative chambers:	Number of elected legislative chambers:	Number of elected legislative chambers:
ELECTORAL SEGMENTS - LOWER HOUSE ELECTORAL SEGMENTS - UPPER HOUSE
A5025_1 A5025_2	B5031_1 B5031_2
In some electoral systems, there are electoral districts that are geographically nested but not otherwise related for purposes of seat allocation. In Lithuania, for example, there are 71 single-member districts that operate under a majority runoff system, and also a single nation-wide district that operates under proportional representation (the largest remainders method with the Hare quota). Neither votes nor seats from the single-member districts transfer to the nationwide district, however. The two processes are entirely independent (with voters having one vote in each district). In this case, the nationwide district, although it contains the 71 single-member districts, is not considered to be secondary. It is primary. One might say that there are two segments to the electoral system in such cases. How many segments (as just defined) are there in the electoral system?	In some electoral systems, there are electoral districts that are geographically nested but not otherwise related for purposes of seat allocation. In Lithuania, for example, there are 71 single-member districts that operate under a majority runoff system, and also a single nation-wide district that operates under proportional representation (the largest remainders method with the Hare quota). Neither votes nor seats from the single-member districts transfer to the nationwide district, however. The two processes are entirely independent (with voters having one vote in each district). In this case, the nationwide district, although it contains the 71 single-member districts, is not considered to be secondary. It is primary. One might say that there are two segments to the electoral system in such cases. How many segments (as just defined) are there in the electoral system?
NUMBER OF ELECTORAL SEGMENTS (TIERS)
		C5059
		This variable indicates the number of electoral segments (tiers) in each country.
LINKED ELECTORAL SEGMENTS (TIERS)
		C5060
		This variable indicates whether countries with multiple segments (tiers) have linked (connected) or unlinked (unconnected) segments (tiers). Linkage occurs whenever (i) unused votes from one electoral segment (tier) are used at another level or (ii) the allocation of seats in one segment (tier) is conditional on the seats received in another segment (tier).
DEPENDENT FORMULAE IN MIXED SYSTEMS
		C5061
		This indicates whether the two electoral formulas used in a mixed system are dependent or independent. A dependent mixed system is one in which the application of one formula is dependent on the outcome produced by the other formula. An independent mixed system is one in which the two electoral formulas are implemented independently of each other.
SUBTYPES OF MIXED ELECTORAL SYSTEMS
		C5062
		Sub-types of mixed electoral systems.
PRIMARY DISTRICTS - LOWER - 1ST SEGMENT PRIMARY DISTRICTS - LOWER - 2ND SEGMENT PRIMARY DISTRICTS - UPPER - 1ST SEGMENT PRIMARY DISTRICTS - UPPER - 2ND SEGMENT
A5026_1 A5026_2 A5026_3 A5026_4	B5032_1 B5032_2 B5033_3 B5034_4
How many primary electoral districts are there?	How many primary electoral districts are there?
NUMBER OF ELECTORAL DISTRICTS - LOWEST TIER - LOWER HOUSE NUMBER OF ELECTORAL DISTRICTS - SECOND TIER - LOWER HOUSE NUMBER OF ELECTORAL DISTRICTS - THIRD TIER - LOWER HOUSE
		C5063 C5066 C5069
		Number of electoral districts or constituencies in the [first or lowest/second/third] electoral segment (tier) for the lower house of the legislature.
NUMBER OF SEATS - LOWER - 1ST SEGMENT NUMBER OF SEATS - LOWER - 2ND SEGMENT NUMBER OF SEATS - UPPER - 1ST SEGMENT NUMBER OF SEATS - UPPER - 2ND SEGMENT
A5027_1 A5027_2 A5027_3 A5027_4	B5033_1 B5033_2 B5033_3 B5033_4
Total number of seats elected in the [first/second] segment of the [lower/upper] house:	Total number of seats elected in the [first/second] segment of the [lower/upper] house:
NUMBER OF SEATS ABOVE THE FIRST SEGMENT (TIER) - LOWER HOUSE
		C5072
		The number of seats allocated in electoral districts or constituencies above the first or lowest segment (tier). This variable may include seats allocated in several different upper segments (tiers).
PERCENTAGE OF SEATS ABOVE THE FIRST SEGMENT (TIER) - LOWER HOUSE
		C5073
		Percentage of seats allocated in electoral districts above the lowest segment (tier).
FUSED VOTE
		C5074
		This indicates whether a fused vote was used for presidential and legislative elections. A fused vote is when a citizen casts a single ballot for the elections of more than one political office. This particular variable captures when the single ballot is for the presidency and the legislature. Citizens are unable to divide their votes among the candidates or lists of different parties. Split-ticket voting is expressly prohibited.
SIZE OF THE LOWER HOUSE
		C5074
		Total number of seats in the lower house of the legislature during the election year.
DISTRICT MAGNITUDE - LOWER - 1ST SEGMENT DISTRICT MAGNITUDE - LOWER - 2ND SEGMENT DISTRICT MAGNITUDE - UPPER - 1ST SEGMENT DISTRICT MAGNITUDE - UPPER - 2ND SEGMENT
A5028_1 A5028_2 A5028_3 A5028_4	B5034_1 B5034_2 B5034_3 B5034_4
For each primary electoral district, how many members are elected from that district?	For each primary electoral district, how many members are elected from that district?
AVERAGE DISTRICT MAGNITUDE - LOWEST TIER - LOWER HOUSE AVERAGE DISTRICT MAGNITUDE - SECOND TIER - LOWER HOUSE AVERAGE DISTRICT MAGNITUDE - THIRD TIER - LOWER HOUSE
		C5064 C5067 C5070
		Average district magnitude in the [first or lowest/second/third] electoral segment (tier). This is calculated as the total number of seats allocated in the [lowest/second/third] segment (tier) divided by the total number of districts in that segment (tier).
SECONDARY DISTRICTS - LOWER - 1ST SEGMENT SECONDARY DISTRICTS - LOWER - 2ND SEGMENT SECONDARY DISTRICTS - UPPER - 1ST SEGMENT SECONDARY DISTRICTS - UPPER - 2ND SEGMENT
A5029_1 A5029_2 A5029_3 A5029_4	B5035_1 B5035_2 B5035_3 B5035_4
How many secondary electoral districts are there?	How many secondary electoral districts are there?
TERTIARY DISTRICTS - LOWER - 1ST SEGMENT TERTIARY DISTRICTS - LOWER - 2ND SEGMENT TERTIARY DISTRICTS - UPPER - 1ST SEGMENT TERTIARY DISTRICTS - UPPER - 2ND SEGMENT
A5030_1 A5030_2 A5030_3 A5030_4	B5036_1 B5036_2 B5036_3 B5036_4
How many tertiary electoral districts are there?	How many tertiary electoral districts are there?
COMPULSORY VOTING
A5031	B5037
Is voting compulsory?	Is voting compulsory?
COMPULSORY VOTING - LOWER - 1ST SEGMENT (TIER) COMPULSORY VOTING - LOWER - 2ND SEGMENT (TIER) COMPULSORY VOTING - UPPER - 1ST SEGMENT (TIER) COMPULSORY VOTING - UPPER - 2ND SEGMENT (TIER)
		C5044_1 C5044_2 C5044_3 C5044_4
		Is voting compulsory? Definition: Voting is compulsory if the law states that all those who have the right to vote are obliged to exercise that right.
VOTES CAST - LOWER - 1ST SEGMENT (TIER) VOTES CAST - LOWER - 2ND SEGMENT (TIER) VOTES CAST - UPPER - 1ST SEGMENT (TIER) VOTES CAST - UPPER - 2ND SEGMENT (TIER)
A5032_1 A5032_2 A5032_3 A5032_4	B5038_1 B5038_2 B5038_3 B5038_4	C5038_1 C5038_2 C5038_3 C5038_4
How many votes do they or can they cast?	How many votes do they or can they cast?	How many votes do voters cast or can cast? In systems where voters rank order the candidates, if there are 10 candidates (for example), the response to this question should be 10.
VOTING PROCEDURE - LOWER - 1ST SEGMENT (TIER) VOTING PROCEDURE - LOWER - 2ND SEGMENT (TIER) VOTING PROCEDURE - UPPER - 1ST SEGMENT (TIER) VOTING PROCEDURE - UPPER - 2ND SEGMENT (TIER)
A5033_1 A5033_2 A5033_3 A5033_4	B5039_1 B5039_2 B5039_3 B5039_4	C5039_1 C5039_2 C5039_3 C5039_4
With each vote allocated in this segment, voters select:	With each vote allocated in this segment, voters select:	Do they vote for candidates (not party lists) or party lists? Definition: Party bloc voting is used in multi-member districts where voters cast a single party-centered vote for their party of choice; the party with the most votes wins all of the district seats.
VOTING ROUNDS - LOWER - 1ST SEGMENT (TIER) VOTING ROUNDS - LOWER - 2ND SEGMENT (TIER) VOTING ROUNDS - UPPER - 1ST SEGMENT (TIER) VOTING ROUNDS - UPPER - 2ND SEGMENT (TIER)
		C5040_1 C5040_2 C5040_3 C5040_4
		How many rounds of voting are there?
TRANSFERABLE VOTES
	B5040
	Are the votes transferable?
TRANSFERABLE VOTES - LOWER - 1ST SEGMENT (TIER) TRANSFERABLE VOTES - LOWER - 2ND SEGMENT (TIER) TRANSFERABLE VOTES - UPPER - 1ST SEGMENT (TIER) TRANSFERABLE VOTES - UPPER - 2ND SEGMENT (TIER)
		C5042_1 C5042_2 C5042_3 C5042_4
		Are the votes transferable? Definition: In systems with preferential voting, a voter can express a list of preferences. E.g., votes can be cast by putting a '1' in the column next to the voter's preferred candidate, a '2' beside their second favorite candidate and so on. Votes are counted according to the first preferences and any candidates who have achieved the predetermined quota are elected. To decide which of the remaining candidates are elected the votes are transferred from candidates who have more than the necessary number to achieve the quota and from the candidate with the least number of votes. An example of this is the election in Ireland in 2002.
CUMULATED VOTES - IF MORE THAN ONE CAN BE CAST
	B5041
	If more than one vote can be cast, can they be cumulated?
CUMULATED VOTES - LOWER - 1ST SEGMENT (TIER) CUMULATED VOTES - LOWER - 2ND SEGMENT (TIER) CUMULATED VOTES - UPPER - 1ST SEGMENT (TIER) CUMULATED VOTES - UPPER - 2ND SEGMENT (TIER)
		C5043_1 C5043_2 C5043_3 C5043_4
		If more than one vote can be cast, can they be cumulated? Definition: Cumulative voting refers to systems in which voters are allowed to cast more than one vote for a single candidate.
ELECTORAL FORMULA - LOWER - 1ST SEGMENT ELECTORAL FORMULA - LOWER - 2ND SEGMENT ELECTORAL FORMULA - UPPER - 1ST SEGMENT ELECTORAL FORMULA - UPPER - 2ND SEGMENT
A5034_1 A5034_2 A5034_3 A5034_4	B5043_1 B5043_2 B5043_3 B5043_4
What electoral formula(e) are used?	What electoral formula(e) are used?
ELECTORAL FORMULA - LOWEST TIER - LOWER HOUSE ELECTORAL FORMULA - SECOND TIER - LOWER HOUSE ELECTORAL FORMULA - THIRD TIER - LOWER HOUSE
		C5065 C5068 C5071
		The precise electoral formula used in the [first or lowest/second/third] electoral segment (tier) of the lower house.
IS THERE PARTY THRESHOLD - LOWER - 1ST SEGMENT (TIER) IS THERE PARTY THRESHOLD - LOWER - 2ND SEGMENT (TIER) IS THERE PARTY THRESHOLD - UPPER - 1ST SEGMENT (TIER) IS THERE PARTY THRESHOLD - UPPER - 2ND SEGMENT (TIER)
		C5045_1 C5045_2 C5045_3 C5045_4
		Are there legally mandated thresholds that a party must exceed before it is eligible to receive seats?
PARTY THRESHOLD - LOWER - 1ST SEGMENT (TIER) PARTY THRESHOLD - LOWER - 2ND SEGMENT (TIER) PARTY THRESHOLD - UPPER - 1ST SEGMENT (TIER) PARTY THRESHOLD - UPPER - 2ND SEGMENT (TIER)
A5035_1 A5035_2 A5035_3 A5035_4	B5042_1 B5042_2 B5042_3 B5042_4	C5046_1 C5046_2 C5046_3 C5046_4
Are there legally mandated thresholds that a party must exceed before it is eligible to receive seats? If so, what is the threshold? (percentage of vote)	Are there legally mandated thresholds that a party must exceed before it is eligible to receive seats? If so, what is the threshold? (percentage of vote)	If yes, what is the threshold?
UNIT FOR THE THRESHOLD - LOWER - 1ST SEGMENT (TIER) UNIT FOR THE THRESHOLD - LOWER - 2ND SEGMENT (TIER) UNIT FOR THE THRESHOLD - UPPER - 1ST SEGMENT (TIER) UNIT FOR THE THRESHOLD - UPPER - 2ND SEGMENT (TIER)
		C5047_1 C5047_2 C5047_3 C5047_4
		If yes, what is the unit for the threshold mentioned?
PARTY LISTS - CLOSED, OPEN, OR FLEXIBLE
	B5044
	If there are lists, are they closed, open, or flexible?
PARTY LISTS - LOWER - 1ST SEGMENT (TIER) PARTY LISTS - LOWER - 2ND SEGMENT (TIER) PARTY LISTS - UPPER - 1ST SEGMENT (TIER) PARTY LISTS - UPPER - 2ND SEGMENT (TIER)
		C5041_1 C5041_2 C5041_3 C5041_4
		If there are lists, are they closed, open, flexible, or is there party bloc voting?
CAN PARTIES RUN JOINT LISTS
A5036	B5045
Can parties run joint lists?	Can parties run joint lists?
REQUIREMENTS FOR JOINT PARTY LISTS
A5037	B5049	C5033
If joint lists are possible, are they subject to different regulations than single-party lists? For example higher thresholds, different numbers of candidates that may appear on the list, etc.	If joint lists are possible, are they subject to different regulations than single-party lists? For example higher thresholds, different numbers of candidates that may appear on the list, etc.	If joint lists are possible, are they subject to different regulations than single-party lists? For example higher thresholds, different numbers of candidates that may appear on the list, etc.
THE POSSIBILITY OF APPARENTEMENT
A5038	B5046	C5034
Is there apparentement or linking of party lists?	Is there apparentement or linking of party lists?	Is there apparentement or linking of lists?
TYPES OF APPARENTEMENT AGREEMENTS
A5039	B5050	C5035
If apparentement is possible, what lists can participate in such agreements?	If apparentement is possible, what lists can participate in such agreements?	If apparentement is possible, what lists can participate in such agreements?
MULTI-PARTY ENDORSEMENTS
A5040	B5047	C5036
Can candidates run with the endorsement of more than one party?	Can candidates run with the endorsement of more than one party?	Can candidates run with the endorsement of more than one party?
MULTI-PARTY ENDORSEMENTS ON BALLOT
A5041	B5051	C5037
If candidates can run with the endorsement of more than one party, is this reflected on the ballot?	If candidates can run with the endorsement of more than one party, is this reflected on the ballot?	If candidates can run with the endorsement of more than one party, is this reflected on the ballot?
ALLY PARTY SUPPORT
A5042	B5048
Can parties withdraw their lists or candidates in some constituencies, urging their supporters there to vote for an ally's list or candidate?	Can parties withdraw their lists or candidates in some constituencies, urging their supporters there to vote for an ally's list or candidate?
HEAD OF STATE - INTRODUCE LEGISLATION
A5043	B5065
Does the head of state have power of introduce legislation?	Does the head of state have power of introduce legislation?
HEAD OF STATE - EXPEDITED ACTION
A5044	B5066
Does the Head of State have power to require expedited action on specific legislation? If yes, what is the default if the legislature takes no action?	Does the Head of State have power to require expedited action on specific legislation? (i.e., set a deadline by which the legislature is required to act on the bill)?
HEAD OF STATE - PACKAGE VETO
A5045	B5067
Does the Head of State have package veto powers? If yes, what is the requirement to override the veto?	Does the Head of State have package veto powers? If yes, what is the requirement to override the veto?
HEAD OF STATE - PARTIAL VETO
A5046	B5068
Does Head of State partial veto powers? If yes, what is the requirement to override the partial veto?	Does the Head of State have partial veto powers? If yes, what is the requirement to override the veto?
HEAD OF STATE - LEGISLATE BY DECREE
A5047	B5069
Does the Head of State have power to legislate by decree? If yes, does this require that the legislature must first specifically delegate decree authority to the Head of State by statute? If yes, are there restrictions on the policy areas in which the Head of State can legislate by decree? If yes, are there other restrictions on the Head of State's authority to legislate by decree?	Does the Head of State have power to issue decrees with the power of law? (to legislate by decree?)
HEAD OF STATE - EMERGENCY POWERS
A5048	B5070
Does the Head of State emergency powers? If yes, what actions can the head of state take under emergency authority? If yes, under what conditions can the head of state invoke emergency authority? If yes, what restrictions are there on the head of state's authority to invoke and exercise emergency authority?	Does the Head of State have emergency powers?
HEAD OF STATE - POSTPONE ELECTION
A5049
Do emergency powers allow head of state to postpone scheduled elections or extend presidential/legislative terms indefinitely?
HEAD OF STATE - NEGOTIATE AGREEMENTS
A5050	B5071
Does the Head of State have power to negotiate treaties and international agreements? If yes, what other requirements are there for approval of treaties and international agreements negotiated by the head of state?	Does the Head of State have power to negotiate treaties and international agreements? If yes, what other requirements are there for approval of treaties and international agreements negotiated by the head of state?
HEAD OF STATE - COMMANDER OF FORCES
A5051	B5072
Does the Head of State have power as commander of the armed forces?	Does the Head of State have power as commander of the armed forces?
HEAD OF STATE - PROMOTION OF OFFICERS
A5052
If yes, does the Head of State control promotions of high ranking officers?
HEAD OF STATE - DEMOTION OF OFFICERS
A5053
If yes, can the Head of State dismiss or demote high-ranking officers?
HEAD OF STATE - MOBILIZE TROOPS
A5054
If yes, can the Head of State mobilize and demobilize troops?
HEAD OF STATE - INTRODUCE REFERENDA
A5055	B5073
Does the head of State have power to introduce referenda? If yes, under what conditions?	Does the head of State have power to introduce referenda or plebiscites? If yes, under what conditions?
HEAD OF STATE - REFER LEGISLATION TO JUDICIARY
A5056	B5074
Does the Head of State have the power to refer legislation to the judicial branch for review of constitutionality?	Does the Head of State have the power to refer legislation to the judicial branch for review of constitutionality?
HEAD OF STATE - LEGISLATIVE SESSIONS
A5057	B5075
Does the Head of State have power to convene special legislative sessions? If yes, is this the Head of State's power exclusively, or can any other(s) do this as well?	Does the Head of State have power to convene special legislative sessions?
HEAD OF GOVERNMENT - CABINET - NAME MINISTERS
A5058	B5084_1
If there is a prime minister, what authorities does the prime minister have over the composition of the cabinet?	Does the Head of Government have the authority to name ministers and assign portfolios alone?
HEAD OF GOVERNMENT - CABINET - NOMINATE MINISTERS
	B5084_2
	Does the Head of Government have the authority to nominate ministers for approval by the president?
HEAD OF GOVERNMENT - CABINET - REVIEW MINISTERIAL NOMINATIONS
	B5084_3
	Does the Head of Government have the authority to review and approve ministerial nominations made by the president?
HEAD OF GOVERNMENT - CABINET - DISMISS MINISTERS
	B5084_4
	Does the Head of Government have the authority to dismiss ministers and reassign portfolios at own discretion?
HEAD OF GOVERNMENT - CABINET - OTHER
	B5084_5
	Does the Head of Government have some other authorities over the cabinet (please explain)?
HEAD OF GOVERNMENT - POLICY - OTHER
	B5084_6
	If there is a Head of Government, What authority does the Head of Government have over the policy making process? Other (please explain)?
HEAD OF GOVERNMENT - POLICY - CHAIR CABINET MEETINGS
A5059	B5085_1
If there is a prime minister, what authorities does the prime minister have over the policy making process? Chairs cabinet meetings?	If there is a Head of Government, What authority does the Head of Government have over the policy making process? Chairs cabinet meetings?
HEAD OF GOVERNMENT - POLICY - LEGISLATURE SCHEDULES
A5060	B5085_2
If there is a prime minister, what authorities does the prime minister have over the policy making process? Determines schedule of issues to be considered by the legislature?	If there is a Head of Government, What authority does the Head of Government have over the policy making process? Determines schedule of issues to be considered by the legislature?
HEAD OF GOVERNMENT - POLICY - POLICY ALTERNATIVES
A5061	B5085_3
If there is a prime minister, what authorities does the prime minister have over the policy making process? Determines which alternatives will be voted on by the legislature and in which order?	If there is a Head of Government, What authority does the Head of Government have over the policy making process? Determines which alternatives will be voted on by the legislature, and in which order?
HEAD OF GOVERNMENT - POLICY - REFERS POLICY TO COMMITTEE
A5062	B5085_4
If there is a prime minister, what authorities does the prime minister have over the policy making process? Refers legislative proposals to party or legislative committees?	If there is a Head of Government, What authority does the Head of Government have over the policy making process? Refers legislative proposals to party or legislative committees?
HEAD OF GOVERNMENT - POLICY - VOTES OF CONFIDENCE
A5063	B5085_5
If there is a prime minister, what authorities does the prime minister have over the policy making process? Calls votes of confidence in government?	If there is a Head of Government, What authority does the Head of Government have over the policy making process? Calls votes of confidence in government?
CABINET DISMISSAL - HEAD OF STATE
A5064	B5086_1
By what method(s) can cabinet members, or the entire cabinet, be dismissed?	By what method(s) can the cabinet be dismissed? By the head of state acting alone?
CABINET DISMISSAL - HEAD OF GOVERNMENT
	B5086_2
	By what method(s) can the cabinet be dismissed? By the prime minister acting alone?
CABINET DISMISSAL - MAJORITY OF LEGISLATURE
	B5086_3
	By what method(s) can the cabinet be dismissed? By majority vote of the legislature where a majority of all legislators is required?
CABINET DISMISSAL - PLURALITY OF LEGISLATURE
	B5086_4
	By what method(s) can the cabinet be dismissed? By majority vote of the legislature where a majority of those legislators voting is required?
CABINET DISMISSAL - COMBINATION
	B5086_5
	By what method(s) can the cabinet be dismissed? By some combination of the above, acting in concert (Please explain)?
CABINET DISMISSAL - OTHER
	B5086_6
	By what method(s) can the cabinet be dismissed? Other (Please explain)?
DISSOLUTION OF LEGISLATURE
A5065	B5087
Can the legislature be dissolved prior to regularly schedule elections?	Can the legislature be dissolved prior to regularly schedule elections?
DISSOLUTION OF LEGISLATURE - HEAD OF STATE
	B5087_1
	Can the legislature be dissolved prior to regularly scheduled elections? If yes - By the head of state acting alone?
DISSOLUTION OF LEGISLATURE - HEAD OF GOVERNMENT
	B5087_2
	Can the legislature be dissolved prior to regularly scheduled elections? If yes - By the prime minister acting alone?
DISSOLUTION OF LEGISLATURE - MAJORITY OF LEGISLATURE
	B5087_3
	Can the legislature be dissolved prior to regularly scheduled elections? If yes - By majority vote of the legislature?
DISSOLUTION OF LEGISLATURE - COMBINATION
	B5087_4
	Can the legislature be dissolved prior to regularly scheduled elections? If yes - By some combination of the above, acting in concert (Please explain)?
DISSOLUTION OF LEGISLATURE - OTHER
	B5087_5
	Can the legislature be dissolved prior to regularly scheduled elections? If yes - Other (Please explain)?
RESTRICTIONS ON DISSOLVING LEGISLATURE
A5066	B5088
... are there restrictions on when and how the legislature can be dissolved?	If the legislature can be dissolved prior to regularly scheduled elections, are there restrictions on when and how the legislature can be dissolved?
RESTRICTIONS ON DISSOLVING LEGISLATURE - TIMING
	B5088_1
	If the legislature can be dissolved prior to regularly scheduled elections, are there restrictions on when and how the legislature can be dissolved? On the timing of dissolution?
RESTRICTIONS ON DISSOLVING LEGISLATURE - INACTION
	B5088_2
	If the legislature can be dissolved prior to regularly scheduled elections, are there restrictions on when and how the legislature can be dissolved? As a response to action/inaction by the legislature?
RESTRICTIONS ON DISSOLVING LEGISLATURE - OTHER
	B5088_3
	If the legislature can be dissolved prior to regularly scheduled elections, are there restrictions on when and how the legislature can be dissolved? Other (Explain)?
SECOND CHAMBER OF THE LEGISLATURE
	B5089
	Is there a second chamber of the legislature?
IF THERE IS SECOND CHAMBER - METHOD OF ELECTION
	B5090
	If there is a second chamber of the legislature, what is the method of election?
IF THERE IS SECOND CHAMBER - COMPOSITION
	B5091
	If there is a second chamber and it is indirectly elected, are those who choose its members:
IF THERE IS SECOND CHAMBER - EXCLUSIVE LEGISLATIVE POWERS
	B5092
	If there is a second chamber, does it have specific and exclusive legislative powers?
IF THERE IS SECOND CHAMBER - EXCLUSIVE LEGISLATIVE POWERS
	B5092
	If there is a second chamber, does it have specific and exclusive legislative powers?
IF THERE IS SECOND CHAMBER - POWER OVER THE CABINET
	B5093
	If there is a second chamber, does it have the power to remove the cabinet or censure its ministers?
CONSTITUTIONAL FEDERAL STRUCTURE
	B5094	C5090
	Is there a constitutionally guaranteed division of power between the central government and regional and/or local governments?	Is country federal?
CENTRAL POWER OVER PERIPHERY
	B5095
	Does the central government have the power to remove elected officials of regional and/or local governments?
FREEDOM HOUSE RATING - TIME T FREEDOM HOUSE RATING - TIME T-1 FREEDOM HOUSE RATING - TIME T-2
		C5050_1 C5050_2 C5050_3
		These variables report Freedom House's rating of freedom in a country at three time periods: the election year (time T), one year before election (T-1), and two years before election (T-2). Each country and territory is assigned a numerical rating, on a scale of 1 to 7. A rating of 1 indicates the highest degree of freedom and 7 the least amount of freedom. CSES reports average of the "Political Rights" and "Civil Liberties" scores.
DEMOCRACY-AUTOCRACY - POLITY IV RATING - TIME T DEMOCRACY-AUTOCRACY - POLITY IV RATING - TIME T-1 DEMOCRACY-AUTOCRACY - POLITY IV RATING - TIME T-2
		C5050_1 C5050_2 C5050_3
		These variables report POLITY IV ratings of institutionalized democracy versus autocracy in a country, at three time periods: the election year (time T), one year before election (T-1), and two years before election (T-2). CSES reports the original variable POLITY - Combined Polity Score. The variable is constructed by subtracting the autocracy score from the democracy score; the resulting scale ranges from +10 (strongly democratic) to -10 (strongly autocratic).
AGE OF THE CURRENT REGIME
		C5052
		The number of years since the most recent regime change (defined by a three-point change in the POLITY score over a period of three years or less) or the end of transition period defined by the lack of stable political institutions (denoted by a standardized authority score) [From Polity IV Project Dataset Users' Manual].
REGIME: TYPE OF EXECUTIVE
		C5052
		Classification of political regimes in which democracies are distinguished by the type of executive (0 Dictatorship, 1 Parliamentary Democracy, 2 Mixed Democracy, 3 Presidential Democracy).
GDP GROWTH - ANNUAL % (WORLD BANK) - TIME T GDP GROWTH - ANNUAL % (WORLD BANK) - TIME T-1 GDP GROWTH - ANNUAL % (WORLD BANK) - TIME T-2
		C5080_1 C5080_2 C5080_3
		These variables report World Bank estimate of the annual GDP growth, at three time periods: the election year (time T), one year before election (T-1), and two years before election (T-2).
GDP PER CAPITA, PPP (WORLD BANK) - TIME T GDP PER CAPITA, PPP (WORLD BANK) - TIME T-1 GDP PER CAPITA, PPP (WORLD BANK) - TIME T-2
		C5081_1 C5081_2 C5081_3
		These variables report World Bank estimate of the GDP per capita, at three time periods: the election year (time T), one year before election (T-1), and two years before election (T-2).
INFLATION, GDP DEFLATOR (ANNUAL %) (WORLD BANK) - TIME T INFLATION, GDP DEFLATOR (ANNUAL %) (WORLD BANK) - TIME T-1 INFLATION, GDP DEFLATOR (ANNUAL %) (WORLD BANK) - TIME T-2
		C5082_1 C5082_2 C5082_3
		These variables report World Bank estimate of Inflation at three time periods: the election year (time T), one year before election (T-1), and two years before election (T-2).
HUMAN DEVELOPMENT INDEX (UNDP) - TIME T HUMAN DEVELOPMENT INDEX (UNDP) - TIME T-1 HUMAN DEVELOPMENT INDEX (UNDP) - TIME T-2
		C5083_1 C5083_2 C5083_3
		These variables report UNDP Human Development Index (HDI) at three time periods: the election year (time T), one year before election (T-1), and two years before election (T-2).
POPULATION, TOTAL (WORLD BANK) - TIME T POPULATION, TOTAL (WORLD BANK) - TIME T-1 POPULATION, TOTAL (WORLD BANK) - TIME T-2
		C5084_1 C5084_2 C5084_3
		These variables report World Bank estimate of the total population size, at three time periods: the election year (time T), one year before election (T-1), and two years before election (T-2).
UNEMPLOYMENT, TOTAL (WORLD BANK) - TIME T UNEMPLOYMENT, TOTAL (WORLD BANK) - TIME T-1 UNEMPLOYMENT, TOTAL (WORLD BANK) - TIME T-2
		C5085_1 C5085_2 C5085_3
		These variables report World Bank estimate of the unemployment rate (% of total labor force), at three time periods: the election year (time T), one year before election (T-1), and two years before election (T-2).
ELECTORAL RESULTS DATA AVAILABLE
		C5092
		Are electoral results data available?