Electoral Formulae

Last updated: October 24, 2005

This table shows electoral formulae in use in each country during various election studies.

LOWER HOUSE - 1ST SEGMENT LOWER HOUSE - 2ND SEGMENT UPPER HOUSE - 1ST SEGMENT UPPER HOUSE - 2ND SEGMENT
PLURALITY
PLURALITY - SINGLE MEMBER
DISTRICTS		 CANADA 1997
GERMANY 1998
GERMANY 2002
GREAT BRITAIN 1997
JAPAN 1996
MEXICO 1997
MEXICO 2000
MEXICO 2003
NEW ZEALAND 1996
NEW ZEALAND 2002
RUSSIA 1999
RUSSIA 2000
SOUTH KOREA 2000
SOUTH KOREA 2004
THAILAND 2001
UNITED STATES 1996
UNITED STATES 2004		 CZECH REPUB 1996
CZECH REPUB 2002
UNITED STATES 1996
UNITED STATES 2004
PLURALITY - MULTI MEMBER
DISTRICTS		 TAIWAN 1996
TAIWAN 2001		 BRAZIL 2002
MEXICO 1997
MEXICO 2000
MEXICO 2003
POLAND 1997
POLAND 2001
SPAIN 2004
THAILAND 2001
TAIWAN 1996
MAJORITY LITHUANIA 1997
UKRAINE 1998		 SLOVENIA 1996
MAJORITY - RUN-OFF BELARUS 2001
FRANCE 2002
HUNGARY 1998
HUNGARY 2002		 SWITZERLAND 1999
SWITZERLAND 2003
MAJORITY - ALTERNATIVE AUSTRALIA 1996
AUSTRALIA 2004		 AUSTRALIA 1996
AUSTRALIA 2004
PROPORTIONAL REPRESENTATION CZECH REPUB 1996 GERMANY 1998
SOUTH KOREA 2000
LITHUANIA 1997
MEXICO 1997
MEXICO 2000
THAILAND 2001
TAIWAN 1996
UKRAINE 1998		 ROMANIA 1996 TAIWAN 1996
PROPORTIONAL REPRESENTATION - D'HONDT BELGIUM 1999
BELGIUM 2003
BULGARIA 2001
CHILE 1999
CZECH REPUB 2002
FINLAND 2003
ICELAND 2003
ISRAEL 1996
ISRAEL 2003
NETHERLANDS 1998
PERU 2000
PERU 2001
POLAND 1997
PORTUGAL 2002
SLOVENIA 1996
SPAIN 1996
SPAIN 2000
SPAIN 2004
SWITZERLAND 1999
SWITZERLAND 2003		 HUNGARY 1998
JAPAN 1996
POLAND 1997		 BELGIUM 1999
BELGIUM 2003
CHILE 1999
SPAIN 1996
SPAIN 2000
JAPAN 1996		 JAPAN 1996
PROPORTIONAL REPRESENTATION - LARGEST REMAINDER - DROOP HUNGARY 2002
PROPORTIONAL REPRESENTATION - LARGEST REMAINDER - HARE BRAZIL 2002
HONG KONG 1998
HONG KONG 2000
HONG KONG 2004
ICELAND 1999
IRELAND 2002
ROMANIA 1996		 GERMANY 2002
RUSSIA 1999
RUSSIA 2000
SOUTH KOREA 2004
PROPORTIONAL REPRESENTATION - STE-LAGUE DENMARK 1998
DENMARK 2001
NORWAY 1997
NORWAY 2001
POLAND 2001
SWEDEN 1998		 NEW ZEALAND 1996
NEW ZEALAND 2002
LOWER HOUSE - 1ST SEGMENT LOWER HOUSE - 2ND SEGMENT UPPER HOUSE - 1ST SEGMENT UPPER HOUSE - 2ND SEGMENT


Data Source:
CSES Module 1: August 4, 2003 version
CSES Module 2: June 29, 2005 version

Variables Used:
CSES Module 1: A5034_1, A5034_2, A5034_3, A5034_4
CSES Module 2: B5043_1, B5043_2, B5043_3, B5043_4

Notes:
  • Please see original codebooks for notes specific to each country and election study.

    • Questions? E-mail cses@umich.edu Comparative Study of Electoral Systems, www.cses.org